Experimental Realization of High-Efficiency Counterfactual Computation.

Understanding Counterfactuality: A Review of Experimental Evidence for the Dual Meaning of Counterfactuals

Cognitive and linguistic theories of counterfactual language comprehension assume that counterfactuals convey a dual meaning. Subjunctive-counterfactual conditionals (e.g., 'If Tom had studied hard, he would have passed the test') express a supposition while implying the factual state of affairs (Tom has not studied hard and failed). The question of how counterfactual dual meaning plays out dur...

The Computation of Counterfactual Equilibria in Homothetic Walrasian Economies

ua nt - p h / 99 07 00 7 v 1 2 J ul 1 99 9 Counterfactual computation

Suppose that we are given a quantum computer programmed ready to perform a computation if it is switched on. Counterfactual computation is a process by which the result of the computation may be learnt without actually running the computer. Such processes are possible within quantum physics and to achieve this effect, a computer embodying the possibility of running the computation must be avail...

Loss tolerance in one-way quantum computation via counterfactual error correction.

We introduce a scheme for fault tolerantly dealing with losses (or other "leakage" errors) in cluster state computation that can tolerate up to 50% qubit loss. This is achieved passively using an adaptive strategy of measurement--no coherent measurements or coherent correction is required. Since the scheme relies on inferring information about what would have been the outcome of a measurement h...

If Oswald Hadn’t Used Counterfactuals, My Robot Would Have

This paper presents a computation model that emulates the process by which humans generate, evaluate and distinguish counterfactual sentences. Though compatible with the “possible world” account, this model enjoys the advantages of representational economy, algorithmic simplicity and conceptual clarity.